Why alternative propulsion safety assessment matters
The decarbonisation of rail transport is a clearly defined objective across Europe. Alternative propulsion concepts such as battery and hydrogen systems are already being successfully deployed in rail vehicles today. However, practical experience shows that approaches to the safety assessment of these systems remain highly inconsistent.
Binding and harmonised safety standards for these newer propulsion concepts in the railway environment are still limited. As a result, some manufacturers carry out comprehensive independent safety assessments, while others rely only on process-based reviews or do not seek external evaluation at all.
In many cases, the complexity of system safety is underestimated. Components such as batteries may be seen as proven technologies, yet their use in rail applications introduces new risks and interfaces that require a broader and more rigorous safety perspective.
This white paper explains why these assumptions can create significant risks and why a structured approach to assessment is essential for safe and successful deployment.
What the white paper covers
The Assessment Guide for Alternative Propulsion Systems in Rail Vehicles provides a structured and practice-oriented framework for the safety assessment of battery and hydrogen propulsion solutions within the European rail context:
- Regulatory framework classification: Dealing with missing standardisation and the application of non-railway-specific regulations
- Systematic safety analysis: Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control
- Risk-based approval and acceptance principles: Transparent criteria for acceptable residual risks
- Holistic system perspective: Integration of propulsion systems into vehicles, infrastructure, operation and maintenance
- Role of independent safety assessment: Why external expert opinions are essential to avoid safety gaps within the rail network
The objective is to create transparency and harmonisation in the assessment of innovative propulsion technologies—for manufacturers and authorities alike. The white paper therefore addresses vehicle manufacturers and system integrators, component and battery manufacturers, as well as approval and assessment bodies (AsBo, DeBo, NoBo), authorities and operators responsible for ensuring a safe European rail network.
What you will gain
Better decision-making
Build a clear basis for decision-making in development and approval processes.
Stronger stakeholder discussions
Equip your teams with robust arguments for discussions with authorities and partners.
Deeper risk understanding
Gain a better understanding of the safety-relevant risks associated with alternative propulsion systems.
Practical assessment guidance
Understand when and why independent safety assessment is indispensable.
M.Eng. Tolga Wichmann
Lead Assessor
From development to approval
As an independent testing, inspection and certification partner, TÜV SÜD supports manufacturers and authorities in the safety assessment of alternative propulsion systems - from early development phases through to approval.
Whenever expert opinions, assessments or safety evidence are required during the course of a project, our experts are happy to support you and implement the services described in the white paper in a practical and independent manner.
Learn more about our services for alternative rail propulsion technologies →