Modern vehicles are increasingly connected, software-driven, and integrated with external ecosystems such as cloud platforms, mobile applications, and V2X infrastructure. While these technologies enable innovation, they also expand the cybersecurity of attack surfaces.
Threat analysis and risk assessment (TARA) is fundamental processes defined in ISO/SAE 21434 to identify, analyse, and mitigate cybersecurity risks in modern vehicles. This white paper explains how threat analysis and risk assessment in automotive cybersecurity supports a structured, risk-based approach to evaluating threats, vulnerabilities, and potential attack paths that could impact vehicle safety, privacy, and operational integrity.
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Why TARA Matters
- Connected vehicles face increasing cybersecurity threats due to expanding system complexity and connectivity
- A structured threat assessment and risk analysis approach helps organisations identify vulnerabilities and potential attack scenarios early
- Unaddressed threats can impact safety, data privacy, operational performance, and regulatory compliance
- Integrating threat analysis and risk assessment into development enables proactive risk mitigation rather than reactive responses
- TARA supports compliance with regulatory frameworks such as UNECE R155 and strengthens Cybersecurity Management Systems (CSMS)
- A risk-based methodology improves traceability from threat identification to implementation of security measures
What You’ll Learn
In this white paper, you will learn:
- How threat analysis and risk assessment (TARA) is applied within the ISO/SAE 21434 framework
- The key steps of threat analysis and risk assessment in automotive cybersecurity, including defining system boundaries, assets, and operational context
- How to identify threat scenarios based on attacker capabilities, entry points, and system exposure
- How impact and feasibility are evaluated to determine cybersecurity risk levels
- How cybersecurity goals and risk treatment decisions are defined to reduce risks to acceptable levels
- How TARA supports secure system architecture and design across the vehicle lifecycle
- The importance of integrating TARA early in development to improve efficiency and risk management
- How TARA contributes to regulatory compliance and strengthens cybersecurity management processes
